EDO, BENIN

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The Edo people of Benin are renowned for their exceptional craftsmanship in bronze, which is a core part of their rich artistic heritage. The use of bronze among the Edo dates back to the 13th century, with the art form reaching its height between the 15th and 17th centuries.

The earliest known bronzes from Benin date to approximately the 13th century, coinciding with the establishment and consolidation of the Benin Kingdom. The art of bronze casting is believed to have been influenced by earlier West African metalworking traditions, although Benin developed its own distinctive style. Bronze casting in Benin was historically tied to the Oba (king) and the royal court. The Oba commissioned the guild of bronze casters, known as the Igun Eronmwon, which remains active today. Membership in this guild was hereditary and highly respected. The casters lived and worked near the palace in Benin City.

The Edo artisans used the ‘lost-wax’ casting method, a complex and sophisticated technique where molten metal is poured into a wax mold that is then melted away. This process allowed for detailed and intricate designs, which became hallmarks of Benin bronzes. The bronzes served both ceremonial and historical purposes. They were often created to honor the Obas and other notable figures and to commemorate significant events in the kingdom’s history. Plaques depicting court scenes, warriors, and historical events adorned the walls of the royal palace. Many bronzes also had a spiritual function and were used in religious rituals. Some depicted deities, royal ancestors, or other significant figures, serving as a bridge between the physical world and the spiritual realm.

This finely cast head, possibly used as an amulet or goldweight, has an elaborate coiffure and shows significant age.